Atrial flutter
Results:
Recent ECG Case Highlights from the University of Maryland (Part I)
A 64-year-old man is brought to the ED by EMS just after achieving return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest. He received chest compressions, epinephrine, and was defibrillated prior to…
Atrial Flutter
Key Points Definition: Atrial flutter is a common type of supraventricular tachycardia caused by a re-entry circuit within the right atrium. Atrial Rate: Typically around ~300 bpm, ranging from 240-360…
2025 ECG Competition Answers (Part 3/3)
This week we review the answers to questions 10-14 from the 13th Annual UMEM Residency ECG Competition. Make sure to attempt to answer the questions yourself before watching the video…
2025 ECG Competition Answers (Part 2/3)
This week we review the answers to questions 6-9 from the 13th Annual UMEM Residency ECG Competition. Make sure to attempt to answer the questions yourself before watching the video…
Recent University of Maryland Medical Center Cases (Part I)
A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with chest pain and palpitations. The following ECG is obtained on arrival:
2024 UMMC Cases (Part III)
A 67-year-old man arrives at the emergency department with palpitations. He is noted to be tachycardic at triage and the following ECG is obtained and interpreted as “sinus tachycardia”:
2024 UMMC Cases (Part I)
A 69-year-old man arrives at the emergency department with shortness of breath and profuse sweating. The ECG obtained below shows sinus tachycardia at a rate of ~ 130 bpm with…
2024 EMS Cases Part II
A 56-year-old woman is being brought in by EMS for palpitations. The following EMS ECG is obtained and transmitted:
Differential Diagnoses: poor R wave progression, prolonged QT intervals, and much more
A 53-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. The following ECG is obtained:
Bradydysrhythmia: An irregular rhythm with grouped or clumped beats
A 75-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with palpitations and near syncope. She is noted to be bradycardic with an irregular rhythm. The following ECG is obtained on arrival:
Narrow Complex Tachycardia: sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, or SVT?
A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department with palpitations and is found to be tachycardic. The following ECG is obtained on arrival:
Differential Diagnoses: AV blocks, tachyarrhythmias, and what you need to look for on the ECG of every patient with syncope
A 36-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department after an episode of syncope. She reports palpitations prior to the episode but is otherwise asymptomatic on arrival. Vital signs are…
Rhythm Interpretation: atrial tachyarrhythmia review part 1/2
A 40-year-old woman is brought into the ED with palpitations and chest discomfort. She is noted to be tachycardic on arrival. Treatment is started with IV fluids for sinus tachycardia….
STAT ECG Diagnoses: ventricular conduction in atrial flutter
A 92-year-old man is brought into the ED with near syncope and lightheadedness. He mentions he has been non-compliant with his medications, but history is otherwise limited. He is found…
Differential Diagnoses: what to consider in patients with regular wide complex tachycardias (RWCT)
A 45-year-old male presents to the ED with palpitations and is found to be markedly tachycardic. The following ECG is obtained:
STAT ECG Diagnoses: intermittent runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia vs. aberrant conduction
A 36-year-old male with PMHx of RV failure, pulmonary hypertension, and HFrEF presents to the ED with shortness of breath, palpitations, and cough. The following ECG is obtained:
5 challenging EMS cases to help you test your emergency ECG interpretation skills
A 78-year-old man is brought into the ED by EMS with chest aches, dyspnea, and palpitations. The following prehospital ECG was obtained:
Narrow Complex Tachycardia: the maximum achievable sinus heart rate
A 67-year-old woman is brought to the ED by EMS for palpitations. She is found to have a heart rate ~168. Vital signs are otherwise within normal limits aside from…
Wide Complex Tachycardias: What is the Lewis lead and how you can use modified ECG leads to help make the diagnosis
A 60-year-old male presents to the ED with acute chest pain and lower extremity edema. He is noted to be tachycardic on arrival. The following ECG is obtained:
Bifascicular blocks, BRASH syndrome, and so much more!
This week we will continue discussing 6 more interesting prehospital EMS ECGs. Let’s start with this 78-year-old woman with PMHx of HTN who called an ambulance for generalized weakness associated…
ECG Tags
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- bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
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- de Winter T-wave
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- defibrillation
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- deWinter T-waves
- Dextrocardia
- differential diagnoses
- differential diagnoses for left axis deviation
- Diffuse ST elevation
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- Diffuse ST-segment Elevation
- Diffuse STE
- dig effect
- digoxin
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- DKA
- Dominant R wave
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- dresslers
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- Dual-chamber systems
- dynamic ecg changes
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- Fascicular blocks
- Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia (Idiopathic Left Fascicular VT)
- fever
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- high left ventricular voltages and 'dagger like' Q waves
- high risk pe
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- high-risk pulmonary embolism
- Himalayan T-waves
- history of ecg
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- HOCM
- Hodges formula
- Hs & Ts
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- hyperacute
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- Hypercalcemia
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- Hyperkalemia Basics
- Hyperkalemia emergencies
- hyperkalemia mimics
- Hyperkalemia vs. STEMI
- Hyperkalemia vs. VT
- Hyperkalemic paralysis
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (“Impressive Syndrome”)
- Hypermagnesemia
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- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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- hypokalemia emergencies
- Hypokalemic paralysis
- hypokalemic periodic paralysis
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- hyponatremia
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- Idiopathic monomorphic VT
- Idiopathic VT
- Idioventricular rhythms
- Impressive syndrome
- in-training exam
- inappropriate sinus tachycardia
- incomplete right bundle branch block
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- Indeterminate Axis differentials
- indeterminate QRS axis
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- inservice exam
- intermittent
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- Ischemia & Infarction
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- Isoelectric Segment of the ECG
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- ITE prep
- ITE review
- J point
- J Point Basics
- J wave
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- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
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- Josephson Sign
- Josephson’s sign
- junctional escape
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- lead misplacement
- lead V1
- Leadless pacemakers
- left anterior fascicular block
- Left Atrial Enlargement
- Left axis deviation
- left axis deviation ddx
- left bundle branch block
- left posterior fascicular block
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy vs. STEMI
- lewis
- Lewis lead
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- limb lead misplacement
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- Long QT
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- LV Aneurysm vs. STEMI
- LVAD
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- LVH vs. STEMI
- LVH with strain pattern
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- Massive STEMI
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- Mechanisms of ACS
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- MI
- Microvascular Dysfunction
- mimics
- misplaced leads
- Mobitz
- Mobitz conduction
- Mobitz I
- Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
- Mobitz I or Mobitz II: How to tell the difference
- Mobitz II
- Mobitz II (Hay)
- Mobitz II AV block
- modified lead
- Modified Sgarbossa criteria
- Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (MMVT)
- monomorphic VT
- mth
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia
- Myocarditis
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- narrow & irregular tachycardia
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- Narrow complex and regular rhythms
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- narrow complex regular tachycardia differential
- Narrow Complex Tachycardia
- narrow qrs bradycardia
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- New Q Waves
- New RBBB and LAFB
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- Nikelekam T-waves
- No clear P waves DDx
- no man's land
- Non-conducted P wave (P:QRS>1) DDx
- non-conducted P waves
- non-conducted PACs
- Non-STE ACS
- Non-sustained Ventricular tachycardia
- Non-sustained VT
- Non-Thrombotic Causes of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay
- nonsustained
- nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
- Nonsustained VT
- normal
- Normal Cardiac Conduction
- Normal ECG
- normal heart rate
- Normal Heart Rate Ranges by Age
- normal lead placement
- normal qrs axis
- Normal R wave progression
- Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Normal STAT ECG
- Normal variant patterns
- normal variant ST elevation
- Normal variants
- Not Enough P Waves (P:QRS < 1) DDx
- Not normal ecg
- NSVT
- Occlusion MI
- Occlusion MI - STEMI Criteria & Beyond
- Occlusion MI patterns
- OMI
- OMI pa
- OMI Pattern
- OMI Pattern: ST Depression V1-V4
- OMI Patterns in Left Bundle Branch Block
- OMI Patterns in Ventricular Paced Rhythms
- OMI Patterns: STEMI (-) Occlusion MI
- Opiate Toxicity
- orthodromic
- orthodromic SVT
- Osborn (J) Wave
- Osborn waves
- overdose
- p mitrale
- p pulmonale
- p waves
- P.E.
- PAC
- PAC’s
- Paced rhythms
- Pacemaker
- Pacemaker emergencies
- pacemaker malfunction
- Pacer
- palpitations
- Pauses and clumped beats
- PE
- PE vs. STEMI
- PEA
- peaked P waves
- Pediatric ECG
- Pediatric ECG Interval Table
- Pediatrics
- Pericardial effusion
- Pericardial Tamponade
- Pericarditis
- pericarditis vs acs
- Pericarditis vs. STEMI
- Periodic paralysis
- Persistent juvenile T-wave pattern
- PFO
- PGY-2 (Intermediate) Resident Curriculum
- PGY-3 (Advanced) Resident Curriculum
- PGY1 Curriculum
- PJC
- PJCs
- PJTW
- plaque rupture
- plaque vulnerability
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- Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Polymorphic VT
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- Poor R-wave progression
- post arrest ECG
- post cardiac arrest ECGs
- post-arrest
- Post-Arrest ECG for Dysrhythmias
- Post-Arrest ECG for Ischemia
- Post-arrest NSTE-ACS
- Post-arrest STEMI
- post-cardiac arrest ecg
- post-mi pericarditis
- Post-Thrombolytic Reperfusion ECG Findings
- Posterior MI
- Posterior Occlusion MI
- POSTERIOR OMI
- Posterior STEMI
- Posterior STEMI Criteria
- postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Potpourri
- POTS
- PR interval
- PR segment
- PR Segment Basics
- PR segments
- Pre-hospital ECG
- precordial lead misplacement
- precordial swirl
- preexcitation
- preexcitation syndrome
- Preexcitation syndromes
- preexcited af
- preexcited atrial fibrillation
- Pregnancy
- Prehospital ECG
- premature atrial complexes
- Premature Atrial Complexes (PACs)
- Premature beats
- Premature complexes
- premature contractions
- premature junctional complexes
- Premature Junctional Complexes (PJCs)
- Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs)
- Prolonged QT
- Prolonged QT interval
- prolonged QTc
- Proper 12-Lead ECG Electrode Placement
- Proper ECG Lead Placement
- proper lead placement
- proportionality
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- Pseudo-Wellens waves
- Pseudonormalization of T-waves
- Pulmonary Embolism
- pulmonary hypertension
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- Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) in Cardiac Arrest)
- Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
- Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (pVT) Arrest
- pulseless VT
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- QRS Complexes
- QRS fragmentation
- QRS Fragmentation (fQRS)
- QRS morphology
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- QTc interval
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- R waves
- R-on-T phenomenon
- R-wave
- R-wave in V1
- R-wave progression
- RAD
- RAE
- rapid af
- rapid afib
- rapid atrial fibrillation
- rate & rhythm
- RBBB
- Really wide complex tachycardia
- reciprocal changes
- Recommended ECG Books
- Reflux
- refractory ischemia
- Regular Really Wide Complex Tachycardia
- Regular Rhythm
- Regular Wide Complex Tachycardia
- Regularized atrial fibrillation
- Regularly Irregular Rhythm
- repeat ecg
- repolarization abnormalities
- Rescue PCI
- Resolved ST segment elevation
- Resources & Recommendations
- Respiratory variation
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- reversible causes
- Revised Sgarbossa Criteria
- Rhythm
- Rhythm Interpretation
- right atrial enlargement
- Right axis
- Right Axis Deviation
- Right Axis Deviation + STE DDx
- Right Axis Deviation + STE Differential
- Right Axis Deviation Basics
- Right Axis Deviation DDx
- Right bundle branch block
- right heart strain
- Right sided leads
- Right Ventricular (RV) STEMI Criteria
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Rightward axis
- rollercoaster T waves
- RRWCT
- RV MI
- RV Outflow Tract Tachycardia (RVOT VT)
- RV Outflow Tract Tachycardia (RVOT)
- RV STEMI
- rvh
- RVH with strain
- RVMI
- RWCT
- S wave
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- s5
- SAH
- Salvador Dali
- SANRT
- SCAD
- second degree av block
- Second-Degree AV Block Type I (Mobitz I / Wenckebach)
- Second-Degree AV Block Type II (Mobitz II)
- Second-Degree AV Block with 2:1 Conduction
- segments
- Seizure
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- Serial ECG
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- Severe Hyperkalemia
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- Shark fin morphology
- Shark Fin or Triangular STEMI
- Shark fin STEMI
- Short PR interval
- Short QT
- Short QT interval
- Short QT Syndrome
- Short QTc
- Shortened QT
- SHS
- sick sinus syndrome
- Sinoatrial Exit Block
- Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
- Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (SANRT)
- Sinus arrest
- sinus arrhythmia
- sinus bradycardia
- sinus inversus totalis
- Sinus Node Dysfunction
- Sinus Node Dysfunction (Sick Sinus Syndrome
- sinus rhythm
- Sinus rhythms
- Sinus Tachycardia
- situs inversus
- situs inversus totalis
- Sloof Lirpa Sign
- Slow Atrial fibrillation
- slow ventricular tachycardia
- slow vt
- Sodium channel blocker toxicity
- South Africa
- South Africa sign
- South African
- South African Flag Sign
- spiked
- Spiked Helmet sign
- spiked-helmet
- Spodick Sign
- Spodick’s Sign
- Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
- Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)
- ST
- ST depression
- ST depression differential
- ST Depression in V1-V4 DDx
- ST depression V1-V4
- ST Elevation
- ST Elevation DDx
- ST Elevation in aVR DDx
- ST segment elevation
- ST Segment Elevation in aVR with Multi Lead ST Segment Depression
- ST-segment
- ST-segment depression
- Start high-quality CPR.
- stat
- stat ecg
- stat ecgs
- STD
- STE
- STE differential diagnosis
- STE in aVR
- steeple sign
- Steeple sign in V1
- STEMI
- STEMI Criteria
- STEMI Criteria & STEMI Equivalent Patterns
- STEMI diagnosis
- STEMI equivalent
- STEMI equivalents
- STEMI mimics
- STEMI vs. acute pericarditis
- STEMI vs. Early repolarization
- STEMI vs. Severe Hyperkalemia
- stepwise approach
- strain
- Stress Testing
- Stress tests
- Stress-Induced (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy
- Student Level Curriculum
- Subtle ST elevation
- Subtle ST Segment Elevation (STE)
- subtle stemi
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
- Sustained VT
- SVT
- sympathomimetic
- synchronization
- Syncop
- Syncope
- syncope ddx
- syncope differentials
- syncope emergencies
- Systematic approach to ECG
- T wave
- T wave inversion differential
- T Wave Inversion in V1-V3 DDx
- T wave inversions in V1-V3
- T wave morphology
- T-wave abnormalities
- T-wave alternans
- T-wave inversion
- T-wave inversions
- T-waves
- Tachycardia
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy vs. STEMI
- Tall R wave in aVR
- Tall R wave in V1
- Tamponade
- TCA
- TCA overdose
- TCA toxicity
- TdP
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Terminal QRS distortion
- Terminal QRS Distortion (OMI Pattern)
- the basics
- The Bix Rule
- The Bix Rule – Unmasking Atrial Flutter
- The Curriculum
- third degree AV block
- Third-Degree AV Block (Complete Heart Block)
- Thrombolytics
- tombstone
- tombstoning
- too many P waves
- Too Many P Waves (P:QRS>1) DDx
- Top 10 cases of the past 10 years
- Torsades
- Torsades de pointes
- Torsades de Pointes risk
- torsades de points
- Toxicologic Emergencies
- Toxicology
- TP segment
- Transient STEMI
- Tremor artifact
- trifascicular block
- Trigeminy
- Troponin
- troponins
- TWI
- Twiddler’s syndrome
- Type A Wellens
- Type B Wellens
- U-waves
- Understanding ECG Artifacts
- unifascicular
- unstable angina
- Unstable Bradyarrhythmias
- unstable bradycardia
- Unstable Bradydysrhythmias
- unstable tachyarrhythmia
- unstable tachycardia
- Unstable Tachydysrhythmias
- Upright T waves in V1
- urgent cath
- V1
- v1-v2 placed too high
- V1/V2
- vasospasm
- Ventricular aneurysm
- Ventricular dysrhythmias
- ventricular escape rhythms
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) Arrest
- ventricular fibrillation mimics
- Ventricular Flutter
- Ventricular Flutter (V-Flutter)
- Ventricular rhythm
- Ventricular rhythms
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
- Ventricular tachycardia mimics
- Ventricular tachycardia vs. SVT with aberrant conduction
- Ventricular Tachycardiak
- Vereckei aVR
- VF
- voltage
- VT
- VT mimics
- VT vs. SVT with Aberrancy
- w Voltage
- waveforms
- waves
- WCT
- Wellens
- Wellens waves
- Wellens’ syndrome
- Wide & Regular Tachydysrhythmia DDx
- wide complex irregular tachycardia
- Wide complex QRS
- wide complex regular tachycardia
- Wide complex tachycardia
- Wide QRS
- Wide QRS (BBBs & Paced Rhythms) vs. STEMI
- wide qrs bradycardia
- Wide QRS Complex DDx
- wide qrs differential
- Wide QRS interval
- wide vs. narrow QRS
- Wolff Parkinson White
- Wolff-Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome
- WPW
- wpw syndrome
- WPW syndrome and Pseudo-MI patterns
- WPW vs STEMI
- WPW with Antidromic SVT
- WPW with atrial fibrillation
- WPW with Orthodromic SVT
- WPW with SVT
- Yamaguchi
- Yamaguchi (Apical) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Yamaguchi syndrome
- Young patients
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