Key Points Definition: The R wave is the first positive deflection of the QRS complex, reflecting early ventricular depolarization, predominantly of the left ventricle. Normal progression: Precordial R amplitude increases…
Key Points Normal expectation: In V1, the S wave is typically larger than the R wave. A tall or dominant R wave (R/S > 1) is abnormal and should prompt…
Key Points Normal expectation: In aVR, the QRS is usually negative (deep S wave). A dominant or tall R wave (R > S) is abnormal and should prompt investigation. Mechanism:…
A 55-year-old woman presents with substernal chest pressure radiating to the left upper extremity, dyspnea, and nausea. She has a past medical history of HTN, DM, HLD, and is a…