Basics & Fundamentals
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Student Level ECG Curriculum
Pre-Licensure / Pre-Residency Designed for Medical Students, Paramedics, Nursing Students, ED Technicians, or anyone else who wants to start learning more about how to use ECGs effectively in clinical settings….
The ECG STAT Curriculum
Why ECG Interpretation Matters Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are a cornerstone of patient evaluation and management in acute care. Rapid, accurate interpretation can mean the difference between timely intervention and missed critical…
R Wave Basics
Key Points Definition: The R wave is the first positive deflection seen on the ECG during the QRS complex, representing early ventricular depolarization. R Wave Transition Zone: Normally, the R…
Acquired Long QT Syndrome
Key Points Acquired Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is the most common form of LQTS, resulting from medications, electrolyte disturbances, or underlying medical conditions. High-risk factors include the use of multiple…
Himalayan T Waves
Key Points Himalayan T waves are a peculiar T wave abnormality characterized by T wave/U wave fusion, resulting in a mountain peak-like appearance on the ECG. This pattern is strongly…
Normal QRS Axis
Key Points Normal Axis Range: –30° to +90° Lead I: QRS complex is positive Lead aVF: QRS complex is positive → This combination confirms a normal QRS axis Frontal plane…
QRS Morphology & Proportionality
Key Points QRS Morphology Reflects Conduction Pathways: The shape and width of the QRS complex help differentiate between normal conduction, conduction delays, and ventricular-origin rhythms. QRS–T Wave Proportionality Signals Repolarization…
Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)
Key Points Definition: In RBBB, the right bundle branch of the heart’s electrical conduction system is blocked, preventing direct activation of the right ventricle (RV). As a result, RV activation…
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT (CPVT)
Key Points Definition: CPVT is a rare hereditary form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) that is often triggered by emotional or physical stress, leading to potentially fatal arrhythmias such as…
Isoelectric Segment of the ECG
Key Points PR vs. TP Segment: The most accurate isoelectric baseline for assessing the magnitude of ST segment deviation is debated between the PR segment and the TP segment. Challenges…
Paced Rhythms
Key Points Paced Rhythms Overview: Paced rhythms, whether from right ventricular (RV) pacemakers, left ventricular (LV) pacemakers, or dual-chamber pacemakers, produce specific ECG changes due to the altered sequence of…
Fascicular Blocks
Key Points Definition: Fascicular blocks refer to conduction delays or blockages in the left bundle branch fascicles, which can affect the QRS complex and T waves on the ECG. Types:…
Osborn Wave
Key Points What Are Osborne Waves? Osborne waves are positive deflections at the junction of the QRS complex and the ST segment, also known as the J point. While they…
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) & Crochetage Pattern
Key Points ASD Overview: Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are often diagnosed and corrected in childhood, but even uncorrected, patients may do well into early adulthood. Symptoms typically develop by age…
VT vs. SVT with Aberrancy
Key Points Basic Distinction: SVTs typically have narrow QRS complexes (<120 ms) but may present with wide complexes if aberrantly conducted (e.g., with existing bundle branch block). Clinical Importance: Differentiating…
History & Evolution of the “STAT ECG”
From Pioneering Beats to Lifesaving Measures: The Evolution of ECG in Clinical Medicine… In the ever-evolving landscape of emergency and acute care medicine, few tools have stood the test of…
Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (SANRT)
Key Points Mechanism: SANRT is a rare type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) that operates through a similar mechanism as AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), with the reentry loop occurring…
Junctional Tachycardia
Key Points Origin: Junctional tachycardia is a rare type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) that originates from the AV node or the bundle of His. Mechanism: The arrhythmia is caused…
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT)
Key Points Definition: AVNRT is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) caused by a reentry circuit within or around the AV node, leading to a narrow complex regular rhythm….
Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia (AVRT)
Key Points Definition: AVRT is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) caused by a macroreentrant circuit that involves an accessory pathway in addition to the normal AV nodal pathway, allowing…
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