Key Points for EMS Providers: You are the first critical link in the chain of survival for ACS patients—your actions set the course for their care, directly impacting time to…
Key Points Congenital Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by a prolonged QT interval on ECG, leading to an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and…
Key Points Acquired Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is the most common form of LQTS, resulting from medications, electrolyte disturbances, or underlying medical conditions. High-risk factors include the use of multiple…
Key Points ACS Dynamics: Occluded arteries in ACS can spontaneously reperfuse and reocclude, making ECG findings variable. Limitations of Computer Interpretation: Subtle STE is often missed by computerized ECG interpretation;…
Key Points Definition: Ectopic atrial rhythms occur when atrial depolarization originates from a site other than the sinoatrial (SA) node, producing P waves with abnormal morphology and axis on ECG….
Key Points: Life-Threatening Sodium Channelopathy: Predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias (VF/VT) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), often in otherwise “healthy” hearts. When to Suspect BrS: Patients with syncope, unexplained “seizures,” ventricular…
Key Points Definition: LBBB occurs when electrical conduction through the left bundle branch is delayed or blocked, resulting in asynchronous and delayed activation of the left ventricle (LV) and a…
Key Points Prolonged QT & PR Intervals significantly increase the risk of torsades de pointes and other arrhythmias. Atrial & Ventricular Ectopy is common; can progress to life-threatening ventricular tachycardia….
Key Points Definition & Terminology: Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM), previously known as Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/D), is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive fibrofatty replacement of the ventricular myocardium, predominantly…
Key Points Definition: A rare arrhythmia in which a secondary atrial focus fires at its own inherent rate, largely “shielded” from sinus node impulses. Characteristic ECG Finding: Two distinct P-wave…
Key Point Normal T Wave in V1: The normal ECG typically shows a flat or inverted T-wave in lead V1. Upright T-Wave Abnormality: An upright T-wave in V1 (TV1) should…
Key Point Challenge in LBBB and RV Pacing: Both left bundle branch block (LBBB) and right ventricular (RV) paced rhythms alter ventricular depolarization and repolarization, making recognition of acute myocardial…
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