T-waves
Results:
T Wave Basics (ventricular repolarization)
Key Points Definition: T waves represent ventricular repolarization, the process by which the heart’s ventricles reset electrically after a heartbeat. Normal Characteristics: A normal T wave is upright in most…
What’s Behind These Strange T Waves?
A 52-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe malaise and the following ECG is obtained:
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: new tall upright T waves in lead V1
A 53-year-old woman with PMHx of HTN and DM presents with atypical chest pain. She is noted to have a completely normal baseline ECG. The following ECG is obtained:
Differential Diagnoses: large T waves and prolonged QT intervals
A 40-year-old man presents with palpitations and malaise. Vital signs are within normal limits with a normal temperature. The following ECG is obtained:
STAT ECG Diagnoses: abnormal T waves and T wave alternans
An elderly male presents with weakness and lightheadedness to his primary care physician. He is referred to the ED after the following ECG is obtained:
Differential Diagnoses: poor R wave progression and attention to T wave abnormalities
A 55-year-old woman presents with substernal chest pressure radiating to the left upper extremity, dyspnea, and nausea. She has a past medical history of HTN, DM, HLD, and is a…
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: Hyperacute T waves
A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department with chest pain. The following ECG is obtained:
Reverse Wellens Waves: not all biphasic T waves are indicative of ACS!
A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with lightheadedness and palpitations for 1 week. Her symptoms worsened today with a near-syncopal episode. She is thin/frail and dehydrated in appearance….
Differential Diagnoses: a triad of long QT interval, PVCs, & ST segment depression
A 56-year-old woman presents to a busy ED dehydrated with acute gastroenteritis. She is placed in a hallway bed and treated with IV fluids and ondansetron. On reassessment the patient…
ECG Basics and Fundamentals: how many STEMI patients present with nondiagnostic initial ECGs?
HPI: A 52-year-old male with PMHx of HTN & HLD presents to the ED with chest pain and shortness of breath. He looks uncomfortable on exam and is hypertensive. The…
STAT ECG Diagnoses: ECG findings that preceed ST segment elevation in acute coronary syndromes
A 70-year-old man presents to the ED with right sided chest pain that radiates to the left. His pain started while running to catch the subway, and is associated with…
Loss of precordial T wave balance
HPI: A 61-year-old woman presents to the ED with substernal chest pain and dyspnea. Her symptoms improve (but don’t resolve) with nitroglycerin. The following ECG is obtained, with no priors…
Literature Review: De Winter T waves
A 48-year-old man presents to the ED for chest pressure associated with diaphoresis while riding his bike. The following ECG is obtained during active chest pain:
STAT ECG Diagnoses: new T wave inversion or ST segment depression in aVL
A 66-year-old man presents to the ED with retrosternal chest pain that is associated with nausea. The following ECG is obtained:
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: chest pain in young patient with no known cardiac risk factors
A 35-year-old man with no PMHx presents to the ED with dull burning chest pain that radiates to his left arm. The following ECG is obtained:
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: reflux, burping, and improvement with antacids…can’t be cardiac, right?
A 71-year-old man with history of diabetes & HTN presents to the ED with chest discomfort and burping over the past few days. The discomfort has increased over the past…
Differential Diagnoses: long QTc interval
HPI: 32-year-old female with PMHx of hyperthyroidism (on carbimazole) presents with jaundice and intermittent palpitations. She has mild RUQ abdominal pain, but is otherwise well. Vitals: HR~100, BP-130/70, RR-18, afebrile. Exam:…
ECG Tags
- & Myocardial Ischemia
- 11th Annual UMEM ECG Competition
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- 1st degree AV Block
- 1st degree AVB
- 2:1 AV Block
- 2:1 AVB
- 2:1 Conduction
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- 3rd degree AV block
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- aberrancy
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- Abnormal ECG
- Abnormal P wave Axis DDx
- absent p waves
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- accelerated junctional rhythm
- Acidosis
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- ACS RIsk Factors
- Acute Chest Pain
- Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
- Acute MI
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- Acute Pericarditis vs. STEMI
- Adenosine
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- atrial fibrillation with complete heart block
- Atrial Fibrillation with RVR
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- Atrial flitter
- Atrial flutter
- Atrial Flutter 1:1 Conduction
- atrial flutter 2:1 conduction
- atrial flutter mimics
- Atrial Flutter with Variable Conduction
- Atrial parasystole
- Atrial septal defect
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) & Crochetage Pattern
- Atrial tachycardia
- Atrifact
- Atrioventricular blocks
- Atrioventricular Blocks (AVB) Summary
- Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
- Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia
- Attending Level Curriculum
- AV Block
- AV Block: Second-Degree
- AV Blocks
- AV Dissociation
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- AVB
- AVB: 1st degree
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- AVD
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- axis basics
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- Basics
- basics and fundamentals
- BBB
- BBBs & Paced Rhythms vs. STEMI
- Benign early repolarization
- BER
- Beta-Blocker (BB) and Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) Toxicity
- bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
- bifascicular block
- bifid p waves
- bigeminy
- Biphasic T-waves
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- Blocked PAC’s
- Board review
- bpm
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- congenital long QT syndrome
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- Crochetage
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- ddx
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- de Winter
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- defibrillation
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- deWinter
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- Dextrocardia
- differential diagnoses
- differential diagnoses for left axis deviation
- Diffuse ST elevation
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- dig effect
- digoxin
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- DKA
- Dominant R wave
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- Dysrhythmia
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- Dysrhythmias
- Earliest ECG Evidence of Occlusion MI
- Early cardiac ischemia
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- Early ischemia
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- Early Repolarization
- early repolarization vs/ STEMI
- early signs of cardiac ischemia
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- ecg 101
- ECG Basics
- ECG competition
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- ecg history
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- Electrolytes
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- Emergent cath lab activation
- EMS
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- Epsilon waves
- escape rhythm
- evolution of ecg
- Evolving STEMI
- extreme axis deviation
- failure to capture
- failure to pace
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- Fascicular blocks
- fever
- Flattened T Waves
- Flutter Waves (F waves)
- Foundational Resident
- Fusion Beats
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- Guidelines
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- heart rate
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- High grade AV block
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- high-risk pulmonary embolism
- Himalayan T-waves
- history of ecg
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- HOCM
- Hypeacute T waves
- hyperacute
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- Hypercalcemia
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- Hyperkalemia emergencies
- hyperkalemia mimics
- Hyperkalemia vs. STEMI
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- Hypermagnesemia
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- Idioventricular rhythms
- Impressive syndrome
- inappropriate sinus tachycardia
- incomplete right bundle branch block
- indeterminate axis
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- inferior STEMI
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- intervals
- Intracranial hemorrhage
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- inverted P Waves
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- Ischemia
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- Isolated Posterior STEMI
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- J point
- J wave
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- Jervell
- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
- JLNS
- junctional escape rhythms
- junctional rhythm
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- Juvenile T wave inversions
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- kid
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- killer differentials
- LAD
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- Lange
- Large T Wave DDx
- Large T-waves
- LBBB
- LBBB DDx
- lead misplacement
- lead V1
- left anterior fascicular block
- Left axis deviation
- left axis deviation ddx
- left bundle branch block
- left posterior fascicular block
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy vs. STEMI
- Lewis lead
- LGL
- life savers
- limb lead misplacement
- Limb lead reversal
- Literature review
- Long QT
- Long QT Interval DDx
- Long QT-interval
- Long QTc
- long ST segment
- Low Voltage
- low voltage differential
- Low voltage QRS
- Low Voltage QRS DDx
- LPFB
- LQT1 (KCNQ1 Mutation)
- LQT2 (KCNH2 Mutation)
- LQT3 (SCN5A Mutation)
- LQTS
- LV Aneurysm
- LV Aneurysm vs. STEMI
- LVAD
- LVAD Dysrhythmias
- LVADs
- LVH
- LVH vs. STEMI
- LVH with strain pattern
- Lyme carditis
- Marijuana
- marijuana toxicity
- Massive STEMI
- MAT
- Mechanisms of ACS
- Metabolic Emergencies
- Methamphetamine Toxicity
- MI
- mimics
- misplaced leads
- Mobitz
- Mobitz conduction
- Mobitz I
- Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
- Mobitz II
- Mobitz II (Hay)
- Mobitz II AV block
- Modified Sgarbossa criteria
- Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- monomorphic VT
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia
- Myocarditis
- Myxedema
- Na channel blocker toxicity
- narrow & irregular tachycardia
- narrow & regular tachycardia
- Narrow complex and regular rhythms
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- narrow complex regular tachycardia differential
- Narrow Complex Tachycardia
- narrow qrs bradycardia
- New Q Waves
- New RBBB and LAFB
- Nielsen
- Nikelekam T-waves
- No clear P waves DDx
- Non-conducted P wave (P:QRS>1) DDx
- non-conducted PACs
- Non-STE ACS
- Non-sustained Ventricular tachycardia
- Non-sustained VT
- Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay
- nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
- Nonsustained VT
- normal
- Normal Cardiac Conduction
- Normal ECG
- normal heart rate
- Normal Heart Rate Ranges by Age
- normal lead placement
- normal qrs axis
- Normal R wave progression
- Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Normal STAT ECG
- Normal variant patterns
- normal variant ST elevation
- Normal variants
- Not Enough P Waves (P:QRS < 1) DDx
- Not normal ecg
- NSVT
- Occlusion MI
- Occlusion MI patterns
- OMI
- OMI pa
- OMI Pattern
- OMI Pattern: ST Depression V1-V4
- OMI Patterns in Left Bundle Branch Block
- OMI Patterns in Ventricular Paced Rhythms
- OMI Patterns: STEMI (-) Occlusion MI
- Opiate Toxicity
- orthodromic
- orthodromic SVT
- Osborn waves
- overdose
- p mitrale
- p pulmonale
- p waves
- P.E.
- PAC
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- Paced rhythms
- Pacemaker
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- pacemaker malfunction
- Pacer
- palpitations
- Pauses and clumped beats
- PE
- PE vs. STEMI
- peaked P waves
- Pediatric ECG
- Pediatric ECG Interval Table
- Pediatrics
- Pericardial effusion
- Pericardial Tamponade
- Pericarditis
- pericarditis vs acs
- Pericarditis vs. STEMI
- Periodic paralysis
- Persistent juvenile T-wave pattern
- PFO
- PGY-2 (Intermediate) Resident Curriculum
- PGY-3 (Advanced) Resident Curriculum
- PGY1 Curriculum
- PJC
- PJCs
- PJTW
- plaque rupture
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- Pokey T wave
- Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
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- Polyuria
- Poor R-wave progression
- post arrest ECG
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- premature junctional complexes
- Prolonged QT
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- prolonged QTc
- proper lead placement
- proportionality
- PRWP
- Pseudo Wellens
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- Pseudonormalization of T-waves
- Pulmonary Embolism
- pulmonary hypertension
- Pulse tapping artifact
- pulse-tapping
- PVC
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- Q-waves
- QRS
- QRS axis
- qrs axis basics
- QRS Complexes
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- QRS morphology
- qrs voltage
- QRS-interval
- QRS-T proportionality
- R wave basics
- R waves
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- R-wave
- R-wave in V1
- R-wave progression
- RAD
- rapid af
- rapid afib
- rapid atrial fibrillation
- rate & rhythm
- RBBB
- Really wide complex tachycardia
- reciprocal changes
- Reflux
- Regular Really Wide Complex Tachycardia
- Regular Rhythm
- Regular Wide Complex Tachycardia
- Regularized atrial fibrillation
- Regularly Irregular Rhythm
- repolarization abnormalities
- Rescue PCI
- Resolved ST segment elevation
- Resources & Recommendations
- Respiratory variation
- Retrograde P waves
- Reverse R wave progression
- Revised Sgarbossa Criteria
- Rhythm
- Rhythm Interpretation
- right atrial enlargement
- Right axis
- Right Axis Deviation
- Right Axis Deviation DDx
- Right bundle branch block
- right heart strain
- Right sided leads
- Right Ventricular (RV) STEMI Criteria
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Rightward axis
- rollercoaster T waves
- RRWCT
- RV MI
- RV Outflow Tract Tachycardia (RVOT)
- RV STEMI
- rvh
- RVH with strain
- RVMI
- RWCT
- S wave
- S waves
- SAH
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- SANRT
- segments
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- Serial ECG
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- Severe hypothyroidism
- Sgarbossa
- Sgarbossa Criteria
- Shark fin morphology
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- Short PR interval
- Short QT
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- Short QT Syndrome
- Short QTc
- SHS
- sick sinus syndrome
- Sinoatrial Exit Block
- Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
- Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (SANRT)
- Sinus arrest
- sinus arrhythmia
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- situs inversus
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- Sloof Lirpa Sign
- Slow Atrial fibrillation
- slow ventricular tachycardia
- slow vt
- Sodium channel blocker toxicity
- South Africa
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- spiked
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- spiked-helmet
- Spodick Sign
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- ST
- ST depression
- ST depression V1-V4
- ST Elevation
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- ST segment elevation
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- ST-segment
- ST-segment depression
- stat
- stat ecg
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- STD
- STE
- STE differential diagnosis
- STE in aVR
- STEMI
- STEMI Criteria
- STEMI equivalent
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- STEMI mimics
- STEMI vs. acute pericarditis
- STEMI vs. Early repolarization
- stepwise approach
- strain
- Stress Testing
- Stress tests
- Student Level Curriculum
- Subtle ST elevation
- Subtle ST Segment Elevation (STE)
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
- Sustained VT
- SVT
- synchronization
- Syncop
- Syncope
- syncope ddx
- syncope differentials
- syncope emergencies
- Systematic approach to ECG
- T wave
- T wave inversion differential
- T Wave Inversion in V1-V3 DDx
- T wave inversions in V1-V3
- T wave morphology
- T-wave abnormalities
- T-wave alternans
- T-wave inversion
- T-wave inversions
- T-waves
- Tachycardia
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy vs. STEMI
- Tall R wave in aVR
- Tall R wave in V1
- Tamponade
- TCA
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- Terminal QRS distortion
- Terminal QRS Distortion (OMI Pattern)
- the basics
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- too many P waves
- Top 10 cases of the past 10 years
- Torsades
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- TP segment
- Transient STEMI
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- trifascicular block
- Trigeminy
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- TWI
- Type A Wellens
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- U-waves
- Understanding ECG Artifacts
- unifascicular
- unstable bradycardia
- unstable tachyarrhythmia
- unstable tachycardia
- Upright T waves in V1
- V1
- v1-v2 placed too high
- V1/V2
- vasospasm
- Ventricular aneurysm
- Ventricular dysrhythmias
- ventricular escape rhythms
- Ventricular fibrillation
- ventricular fibrillation mimics
- Ventricular Flutter
- Ventricular rhythm
- Ventricular rhythms
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
- Ventricular tachycardia mimics
- Ventricular tachycardia vs. SVT with aberrant conduction
- Ventricular Tachycardiak
- VF
- voltage
- VT
- VT mimics
- VT vs. SVT with Aberrancy
- w Voltage
- waveforms
- waves
- WCT
- Wellens
- Wellens waves
- Wellens’ syndrome
- Wide & Regular Tachydysrhythmia DDx
- wide complex irregular tachycardia
- Wide complex QRS
- wide complex regular tachycardia
- Wide complex tachycardia
- Wide QRS
- wide qrs bradycardia
- Wide QRS interval
- wide vs. narrow QRS
- Wolff Parkinson White
- WPW
- wpw syndrome
- WPW syndrome and Pseudo-MI patterns
- WPW vs STEMI
- WPW with Antidromic SVT
- WPW with atrial fibrillation
- WPW with Orthodromic SVT
- WPW with SVT
- Young patients
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