Pericardial effusion
Results:
Unrecognized Killers in Emergency Electrocardiography, Part III
A 55-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco use presents to the emergency department with chest heaviness and shortness of breath. Her initial ECG raised immediate concern…
Pericardial Effusion
Key Point Always consider pericardial effusion in any patient with new low-voltage QRS complexes combined with sinus tachycardia. Prompt bedside ultrasound (POCUS) prevents diagnostic delays and potentially catastrophic outcomes. Classic…
STAT ECG Diagnoses: is this ST segment elevation due to early repolarization or a large STEMI?
A 38-year-old male presents to the ED with acute chest pain. The following ECG is obtained:
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: low voltage QRS complexes and sinus tachycardia
A 50-year-old woman has a syncopal episode as she is walking into her oncologist’s office. After her episode she states she feels unwell and has vague discomfort. The patient is…
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: criteria for low voltage QRS complexes and poor R wave progression
A 42-year-old male presents to the emergency department with midsternal chest pressure. He has no past medical history or risk factors. The following ECG is obtained:
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: the sensitive vs. specific definitions for low voltage QRS complexes and differentials that cause them
A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a few days of midsternal chest pain that is sharp and non-radiating. She is noted to have mild dyspnea on exertion…
Differential Diagnoses: causes of low voltage QRS complexes aside from pericardial effusion
HPI: A 48-year-old man presents to the ED with malaise of subacute onset. He is mildly tachypneic with clear breath sounds bilaterally. The following ECG is obtained: Case ECG Before…
Differential Diagnoses: can’t miss differentials for patients with chest pain and dyspnea
HPI: An 81-year-old with history of leukemia presents to the ED with dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. He is tachycardic and tachypneic with clear lung sounds. The following ECG is…
ECG Basics & Fundamentals: electrical alternans is present in less than 1/3 of patients with proven cardiac tamponade
A 56-year-old woman with history of breast cancer presents to the ED with chest pain and dyspnea. She is found to be afebrile, tachypneic, and tachycardic with a normal blood…
2015 ECG Competition Answers (Part 2/2)
This week we review the answers to the last 6 cases from the UMEM Residency ECG Competition. Make sure to attempt to answer the questions before clicking the red boxes…
ECG Tags
- & Myocardial Ischemia
- 11th Annual UMEM ECG Competition
- 12th annual UMEM Residency ECG competition
- 1st degree AV Block
- 1st degree AVB
- 2:1 AV Block
- 2:1 AVB
- 2:1 Conduction
- 2015 ECG Competition
- 2015 ECG Competition Part II
- 2016 ECG Competition
- 2017 ECG Competition Part II
- 2018 ECG Competition Part II
- 2019 ECG Competition
- 2020 ECG Competition
- 2024 ECG Competition
- 3rd degree AV block
- 5 Step Approach
- 5-FU
- aberrancy
- Aberrant conduction
- Abnormal ECG
- Abnormal P wave Axis DDx
- absent p waves
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- accelerated junctional rhythm
- Acidosis
- ACS
- ACS mimics
- ACS RIsk Factors
- Acute Chest Pain
- Acute Chest Pain DDx
- Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
- Acute MI
- Acute Pericarditis
- Acute Pericarditis vs. STEMI
- Adenosine
- Adenosine sensitive VT
- Advanced AV block
- Afib
- Afib with WPW
- AI
- AI interpreted ECGs
- AIVR
- Algorithm Limitations
- Altered Mental Status Emergencies
- AMI
- Amiodarone
- and Lead II R-wave-peak-time (RWPT) algorithms
- Anemia
- Anterior STEMI
- Anterior T wave inversions
- antidromic
- antidromic SVT
- Aortic Dissection
- Approach to ECG
- Approach to ECG interpretation
- Appropriate Discordance
- April Fools
- arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic RV Dysplasia
- Artifact
- artifact vs. malignant arrhythmias
- artifact vs. torsades
- artifact vs. ventricular fibrillation
- Artifact vs. ventricular rhythm
- artifact vs. ventricular tachycardia
- Artificial Intelligence
- ARVC
- ARVD
- ASD
- Ashman
- Ashman phenomenon
- Aslanger
- Aslanger Pattern
- Aslanger's Pattern
- Atherosclerosis
- Athlete’s ECG
- atrial arrhythmias
- Atrial dysrhythmias
- Atrial fibrillation
- Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
- atrial fibrillation with complete heart block
- Atrial Fibrillation with RVR
- Atrial Fibrillation with SVT
- Atrial Fibrillation with WPW
- Atrial flitter
- Atrial flutter
- Atrial Flutter 1:1 Conduction
- atrial flutter 2:!
- atrial flutter 2:1 conduction
- atrial flutter mimics
- Atrial Flutter with Variable Conduction
- Atrial parasystole
- Atrial septal defect
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) & Crochetage Pattern
- Atrial tachycardia
- Atrifact
- Atrioventricular blocks
- Atrioventricular Blocks (AVB) Summary
- Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
- Atrioventricular Reciprocating Tachycardia
- Attending Level Curriculum
- AV Block
- AV Block: Second-Degree
- AV Blocks
- AV Dissociation
- AV dissociation without complete heart block
- AVB
- AVB: 1st degree
- AVB: 2nd degree
- AVD
- aVL
- AVNRT
- aVR
- Axis
- axis basics
- Barcelona criteria
- Basics
- basics and fundamentals
- Bayesian
- Bazett formula
- BBB
- BBBs & Paced Rhythms vs. STEMI
- Benign early repolarization
- BER
- Beta-Blocker (BB) and Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) Toxicity
- bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
- bifascicular block
- bifid p waves
- bigeminy
- Biphasic T-waves
- Bix rule
- Bizzare rhythm
- Blocked PAC’s
- Board review
- bpm
- brady
- brady tachy syndrome
- bradyarrhythmia
- Bradycardia
- Bradycardia DDx
- BRASH syndrome
- Brs
- Brugada
- Brugada Pattern
- Brugada Sign
- Brugada syndrome
- Brugada Syndrome (BrS)
- Buried P Waves
- Buried T wave
- CAD
- cannabis
- cannabis toxicity
- Cardiac arrest
- cardiac risk factors
- Cardiac tamponade
- cardiogenic shock
- Cardiovascular effects of marijuana
- Cardioversion
- Catecholaminergic Polymorphic VT (CPVT)
- CCB toxicity
- Cerebral T waves
- CHB
- Chemotherapy
- Chest Pain
- chest pain differentials
- child
- child ecg
- Classic STEMI Criteria
- clumped beats
- Clumped or Grouped Beats
- cocaine
- cocaine chest pain
- Cocaine toxicity
- Complete Heart Block
- Computer ECG interpretation
- Computer interpreted ECGs
- Computer interpreted electrocardiograms
- congenital long QT syndrome
- congenital short QT syndrome
- coronary angiography
- Corrected QT interval
- COVID-19
- Crochetage
- Crochetage pattern
- ddx
- DDx for TWIs in V1-V3
- de Winter
- de Winter T-wave
- de Winter T-waves
- defibrillation
- Delta waves
- deWinter
- deWinter T-waves
- Dextrocardia
- differential diagnoses
- differential diagnoses for left axis deviation
- Diffuse ST elevation
- Diffuse ST Elevation DDx
- Diffuse ST-segment Elevation
- Diffuse STE
- dig effect
- digoxin
- Digoxin effect
- Digoxin toxicity
- DKA
- Dominant R wave
- Dominant R wave in aVR
- Dominant R wave in V1
- dresslers
- dresslers syndrome
- Dysrhythmia
- Dysrhythmia in LVADs
- Dysrhythmias
- Earliest ECG Evidence of Occlusion MI
- Early cardiac ischemia
- Early ECG evidence of ischemia
- Early ischemia
- Early ischemic changes
- Early reciprocal changes
- Early Repolarization
- early repolarization vs/ STEMI
- early signs of cardiac ischemia
- early signs of ischemia
- Early STEMI
- ecg 101
- ECG Basics
- ECG competition
- ECG Competition 2023
- ECG Evidence of Reperfusion After Occlusion
- ecg history
- ECG in ACS
- ECG interruptions
- Ectopic atrial rhythm
- Ectopic beats
- electrical alternans
- Electrical storm
- Electrocardiographic polyuria
- Electrographic polyuria
- Electrolytes
- Elevated intracranial pressure
- Emergent cath lab activation
- EMS
- EMS cases
- EMS ECG
- EMS ECGs
- EMS ECGs in Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
- Epsilon waves
- escape rhythm
- evolution of ecg
- Evolving STEMI
- extreme axis deviation
- failure to capture
- failure to pace
- failure to sense
- Fascicular blocks
- fever
- Flattened T Waves
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- heart rate basics
- heart rhythm
- heart rhythm interpretation
- High grade AV block
- high grade AV blocks
- high lateral STEMI
- high left ventricular voltages and 'dagger like' Q waves
- high risk pe
- High Voltage
- High-Grade (Advanced AV Block)
- high-risk pulmonary embolism
- Himalayan T-waves
- history of ecg
- History of presenting illness
- HOCM
- Hodges formula
- Hypeacute T waves
- hyperacute
- Hyperacute T-waves
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyperkalemia emergencies
- hyperkalemia mimics
- Hyperkalemia vs. STEMI
- Hyperkalemia vs. VT
- Hyperkalemic paralysis
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (“Impressive Syndrome”)
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypertrophic
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- hypokalemia emergencies
- Hypokalemic paralysis
- hypokalemic periodic paralysis
- Hypomagnesemia
- hyponatremia
- Hypothermia
- Idioventricular rhythms
- Impressive syndrome
- in-training exam
- inappropriate sinus tachycardia
- incomplete right bundle branch block
- indeterminate axis
- indeterminate QRS axis
- inferior STEMI
- inservice exam
- intermittent
- Intermittent WPW
- intervals
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Intractable chest pain
- inverted P Waves
- Inverted T Waves
- Inverted U-waves
- IRBBB
- Irregular rhythm
- irregular rhythms
- Ischemia
- Ischemia & Infarction
- Ischemic T-waves
- Isoelectric baseline
- Isoelectric segment
- Isoelectric Segment of the ECG
- Isolated Posterior STEMI
- Isorhythmic AV dissociation
- Isorhythmic AVD
- ITE prep
- ITE review
- J point
- J wave
- J-waves
- Jervell
- Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
- JLNS
- Josephson Sign
- Josephson’s sign
- junctional escape rhythms
- junctional rhythm
- Junctional rhythms
- Junctional Tachycardia
- Juvenile T wave inversions
- Juvenile T waves
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- kid
- kid ecg
- kids
- killer differentials
- LAD
- LAFB
- Lange
- Large T Wave DDx
- Large T-waves
- LBBB
- LBBB DDx
- lead misplacement
- lead V1
- left anterior fascicular block
- Left axis deviation
- left axis deviation ddx
- left bundle branch block
- left posterior fascicular block
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
- Left ventricular hypertrophy vs. STEMI
- lewis
- Lewis lead
- LGL
- life savers
- limb lead misplacement
- Limb lead reversal
- Literature review
- Long QT
- Long QT Interval DDx
- Long QT-interval
- Long QTc
- long ST segment
- Low Voltage
- low voltage differential
- Low voltage QRS
- Low Voltage QRS DDx
- LPFB
- LQT1 (KCNQ1 Mutation)
- LQT2 (KCNH2 Mutation)
- LQT3 (SCN5A Mutation)
- LQTS
- LV Aneurysm
- LV Aneurysm vs. STEMI
- LVAD
- LVAD Dysrhythmias
- LVADs
- LVH
- LVH vs. STEMI
- LVH with strain pattern
- Lyme carditis
- Marijuana
- marijuana toxicity
- Massive STEMI
- MAT
- Mechanisms of ACS
- Metabolic Emergencies
- Methamphetamine Toxicity
- MI
- mimics
- misplaced leads
- Mobitz
- Mobitz conduction
- Mobitz I
- Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
- Mobitz II
- Mobitz II (Hay)
- Mobitz II AV block
- modified lead
- Modified Sgarbossa criteria
- Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- monomorphic VT
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia
- Myocarditis
- Myxedema
- Na channel blocker toxicity
- narrow & irregular tachycardia
- narrow & regular tachycardia
- Narrow complex and regular rhythms
- Narrow complex irregular rhythms
- Narrow complex irregular tachycardia
- Narrow Complex Regular Tachycardia
- narrow complex regular tachycardia differential
- Narrow Complex Tachycardia
- narrow qrs bradycardia
- New Q Waves
- New RBBB and LAFB
- Nielsen
- Nikelekam T-waves
- No clear P waves DDx
- Non-conducted P wave (P:QRS>1) DDx
- non-conducted PACs
- Non-STE ACS
- Non-sustained Ventricular tachycardia
- Non-sustained VT
- Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay
- nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
- Nonsustained VT
- normal
- Normal Cardiac Conduction
- Normal ECG
- normal heart rate
- Normal Heart Rate Ranges by Age
- normal lead placement
- normal qrs axis
- Normal R wave progression
- Normal Sinus Rhythm
- Normal STAT ECG
- Normal variant patterns
- normal variant ST elevation
- Normal variants
- Not Enough P Waves (P:QRS < 1) DDx
- Not normal ecg
- NSVT
- Occlusion MI
- Occlusion MI - STEMI Criteria & Beyond
- Occlusion MI patterns
- OMI
- OMI pa
- OMI Pattern
- OMI Pattern: ST Depression V1-V4
- OMI Patterns in Left Bundle Branch Block
- OMI Patterns in Ventricular Paced Rhythms
- OMI Patterns: STEMI (-) Occlusion MI
- Opiate Toxicity
- orthodromic
- orthodromic SVT
- Osborn waves
- overdose
- p mitrale
- p pulmonale
- p waves
- P.E.
- PAC
- PAC’s
- Paced rhythms
- Pacemaker
- Pacemaker emergencies
- pacemaker malfunction
- Pacer
- palpitations
- Pauses and clumped beats
- PE
- PE vs. STEMI
- peaked P waves
- Pediatric ECG
- Pediatric ECG Interval Table
- Pediatrics
- Pericardial effusion
- Pericardial Tamponade
- Pericarditis
- pericarditis vs acs
- Pericarditis vs. STEMI
- Periodic paralysis
- Persistent juvenile T-wave pattern
- PFO
- PGY-2 (Intermediate) Resident Curriculum
- PGY-3 (Advanced) Resident Curriculum
- PGY1 Curriculum
- PJC
- PJCs
- PJTW
- plaque rupture
- plaque vulnerability
- PMVT
- Pokey T wave
- Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Polymorphic VT
- Polyuria
- Poor R-wave progression
- post arrest ECG
- post cardiac arrest ECGs
- post-arrest
- Post-Arrest ECG for Dysrhythmias
- Post-Arrest ECG for Ischemia
- Post-arrest NSTE-ACS
- Post-arrest STEMI
- post-cardiac arrest ecg
- post-mi pericarditis
- Post-Thrombolytic Reperfusion ECG Findings
- Posterior MI
- Posterior Occlusion MI
- POSTERIOR OMI
- Posterior STEMI
- Posterior STEMI Criteria
- postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
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- POTS
- PR interval
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- precordial swirl
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- Prolonged QT
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- qrs axis basics
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- qrs voltage
- QRS-interval
- QRS-T proportionality
- QT interval
- QT Interval Basics
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- R wave basics
- R waves
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- R-wave
- R-wave in V1
- R-wave progression
- RAD
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- rate & rhythm
- RBBB
- Really wide complex tachycardia
- reciprocal changes
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- Reflux
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- repolarization abnormalities
- Rescue PCI
- Resolved ST segment elevation
- Resources & Recommendations
- Respiratory variation
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- Revised Sgarbossa Criteria
- Rhythm
- Rhythm Interpretation
- right atrial enlargement
- Right axis
- Right Axis Deviation
- Right Axis Deviation DDx
- Right bundle branch block
- right heart strain
- Right sided leads
- Right Ventricular (RV) STEMI Criteria
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Rightward axis
- rollercoaster T waves
- RRWCT
- RV MI
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- RV STEMI
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- Short PR interval
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- SHS
- sick sinus syndrome
- Sinoatrial Exit Block
- Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
- Sinoatrial Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (SANRT)
- Sinus arrest
- sinus arrhythmia
- sinus bradycardia
- sinus inversus totalis
- Sinus Node Dysfunction
- sinus rhythm
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- situs inversus
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- Sloof Lirpa Sign
- Slow Atrial fibrillation
- slow ventricular tachycardia
- slow vt
- Sodium channel blocker toxicity
- South Africa
- South Africa sign
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- South African Flag Sign
- spiked
- Spiked Helmet sign
- spiked-helmet
- Spodick Sign
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- Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
- Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)
- ST
- ST depression
- ST depression differential
- ST Depression in V1-V4 DDx
- ST depression V1-V4
- ST Elevation
- ST Elevation DDx
- ST Elevation in aVR DDx
- ST segment elevation
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- ST-segment
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- STEMI vs. acute pericarditis
- STEMI vs. Early repolarization
- stepwise approach
- strain
- Stress Testing
- Stress tests
- Student Level Curriculum
- Subtle ST elevation
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- Supraventricular tachycardia
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- synchronization
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- Systematic approach to ECG
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- T Wave Inversion in V1-V3 DDx
- T wave inversions in V1-V3
- T wave morphology
- T-wave abnormalities
- T-wave alternans
- T-wave inversion
- T-wave inversions
- T-waves
- Tachycardia
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy vs. STEMI
- Tall R wave in aVR
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- Tamponade
- TCA
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- TdP
- Terminal QRS distortion
- Terminal QRS Distortion (OMI Pattern)
- the basics
- The Curriculum
- third degree AV block
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- TP segment
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- V1
- v1-v2 placed too high
- V1/V2
- vasospasm
- Ventricular aneurysm
- Ventricular dysrhythmias
- ventricular escape rhythms
- Ventricular fibrillation
- ventricular fibrillation mimics
- Ventricular Flutter
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- voltage
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- w Voltage
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- Wellens
- Wellens waves
- Wellens’ syndrome
- Wide & Regular Tachydysrhythmia DDx
- wide complex irregular tachycardia
- Wide complex QRS
- wide complex regular tachycardia
- Wide complex tachycardia
- Wide QRS
- wide qrs bradycardia
- Wide QRS interval
- wide vs. narrow QRS
- Wolff Parkinson White
- Wolff-Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome
- WPW
- wpw syndrome
- WPW syndrome and Pseudo-MI patterns
- WPW vs STEMI
- WPW with Antidromic SVT
- WPW with atrial fibrillation
- WPW with Orthodromic SVT
- WPW with SVT
- Young patients
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