Key Points: Atrial flutter is a macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia, most commonly typical cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent right atrial flutter, with an atrial rate usually near 300 bpm. With 2:1 AV conduction, the…
Key Points: Rare, high-risk rhythm. Atrial flutter with 1:1 conduction can produce ventricular rates of 240-320 bpm and may rapidly cause hypotension, ischemia, or collapse. Often mimics VT. The QRS…
Key Points: AVNRT is a paroxysmal, regular, usually narrow-complex SVT caused by a reentry circuit within or adjacent to the AV node. Dual-pathway physiology is typical. Bedside hallmark is a…
Key Points: Definition: Wide complex tachycardia (WCT) = QRS >120 ms with a steady R-R interval. This section focuses on regular WCT (RWCT). Wide & irregular rhythms are covered separately…
Key Points: Definition: A regularly irregular rhythm occurs when the distance between R-R intervals or P-P intervals varies in a consistent, repeating pattern throughout the ECG tracing. Significance: Determining the…
Key Points: Rhythm Regularity: Regular rhythm is characterized by equal distances between consecutive P waves (P-P intervals) and QRS complexes (R-R intervals). Verify rhythms with calipers—don’t trust the machine interpretation…
Key Points: Narrow regular tachycardia = QRS <120 ms with a steady R–R interval. The big three DDx: sinus tachycardia, SVT (AVNRT/AVRT/junctional), and atrial flutter with fixed AV conduction (commonly…