Shock
Results:
High Risk Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Key Points: The ECG can provide an early warning of severe RV strain: No ECG finding defines high risk PE, but marked or evolving signs of acute RV pressure overload…
Pericardial Effusion
Key Points: Pericardial effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. ECG may provide clues, but it is not sensitive enough to exclude effusion. Important ECG clues include…
Pericardial Tamponade
Key Points: Pericardial tamponade is a hemodynamic diagnosis, not just an ECG diagnosis. ECG may show sinus tachycardia, low-voltage QRS, and sometimes electrical alternans, but none are sensitive enough to…
Acute Pericarditis
Key Points: Acute pericarditis commonly mimics ACS clinically and on ECG, creating frequent diagnostic uncertainty in acute care. The first priority is excluding occlusion MI. Pericarditis should be considered only…
STEMI vs Acute Pericarditis: DDx
Key Points: Start by looking for STEMI, not pericarditis. The safest workflow is to actively search for occlusion MI features first, then use pericarditis features as supportive evidence. Reciprocal ST…
BRASH Syndrome
Key Points BRASH is a synergistic spiral: bradycardia, renal failure, therapeutic AV-nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia. The signature clue is disproportionate brady-shock despite only modest potassium elevation. Do not be…
ECG Findings in Aortic Dissection
Key Points: Aortic dissection or aneurysm can produce ischemic‑appearing ECGs due to coronary malperfusion, most often right coronary involvement causing inferior changes. Pseudo‑infarction patterns, ST‑deviation, and conduction blocks can occur…
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