ACS-OMI
Results:
Diffuse ST Elevation: DDx
Key Points: ST segment elevation (STE) is an ECG finding, not a diagnosis. Multiple ischemic and non-ischemic conditions can produce diffuse STE. Diffuse STE is more commonly non-ischemic than ischemic,…
ST Depression: DDx
Key Points: ST depression is a pattern, not a diagnosis. It can represent ischemia, reciprocal change, baseline repolarization abnormalities, or noncardiac physiology. First considerations: regional (territorial) ST depression vs diffuse…
ST Depression V1-V4: OMI Pattern
Key Points: Posterior OMI can hide on the standard 12-lead. Acute posterior coronary occlusion may produce no diagnostic ST elevation in the conventional leads. Instead, posterior ST elevation is seen…
ST Depression in V1-V4: DDx
Key Points: Do not reflexively label ST depression in V1–V4 as “anterior ischemia/NSTEMI.” In ACS symptoms, posterior OMI is a major concern when the depression is most prominent in V1–V3…
STEMI vs Early Repolarization: DDx
Key Points: Early repolarization (ER) is one of the most common non-ischemic causes of ST elevation and one of the most frequent ECG mimics of acute anterior coronary occlusion. The…
Four ECGs Hiding a High-Risk Coronary Pattern
A 56-year-old man presents with 1 week of concerning chest pain and shortness of breath. His ECG does not meet conventional STEMI criteria, but it shows subtle ST-segment abnormalities in…
Three High Risk ECGs and the Right Next Move
A 34 year old man presents with acute chest pain radiating to the left arm associated with diaphoresis. He has hyperlipidemia and a family history of early coronary disease. The…
Barcelona Criteria in Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB): OMI Pattern
Key Points: The Barcelona Criteria are ECG criteria proposed to identify acute myocardial infarction in patients with LBBB. Core problem: LBBB causes expected secondary ST-T changes, so standard STEMI millimeter…
Aslanger Pattern: OMI Pattern
Key Points: Aslanger pattern is an OMI pattern that can identify acute inferior occlusion despite not meeting traditional STEMI criteria. The key finding is ST segment elevation isolated to lead…
Occlusion MI in Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB): STEMI Equivalent Pattern
Key Points: LBBB does not exclude acute coronary occlusion. LBBBs produce abnormal depolarization and expected secondary ST-T changes, which can mask or mimic ischemia. Acute occlusion MI can still be…
Post-Arrest STEMI: Cath Lab or Caution?
A 72-year-old man is brought to the ED after witnessed cardiac arrest. Bystander CPR was started quickly, EMS found a nonshockable rhythm, epinephrine was given, and ROSC was achieved. Forty…
A Post-Arrest ECG With a Dangerous New Bundle Branch Block
A 72-year-old man is brought to the ED after a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Bystander CPR is started quickly, EMS finds a non-shockable rhythm, and ROSC is achieved after one…
New RBBB + LAFB (Bifascicular Block) in ACS: OMI Pattern
Key Points: In a patient with ischemic symptoms, new RBBB + LAFB should raise concern for proximal LAD or septal ischemia until proven otherwise, especially if the patient has ongoing…
UMEM Cases, Part 2: When the ECG Conceals and When It Reveals
An 81-year-old woman presents with lightheadedness and marked bradycardia. Her ECG shows more P waves than QRS complexes, but the mechanism is not immediately clear. The key question is whether…
ST Elevation in aVR with Diffuse ST Segment Depression: OMI Pattern
Key Points: Pattern, not a STEMI equivalent. ST elevation in aVR (≥1 mm), often with ST elevation in V1 and diffuse ST depression (≥1 mm in ≥6 leads), represents high-risk…
ST Elevation in aVR: DDx
Key Points: ST elevation (STE) in aVR with diffuse ST depression most often reflects global subendocardial ischemia, not focal transmural infarction. High-risk coronary disease is one cause, not the only…
UMEM Cases, Part 1: When the ECG Lies and When It Evolves
A 72-year-old man presents with chest pain and shortness of breath. His ECG shows sinus rhythm with LVH, mild inferior ST elevation, and lateral ST-T abnormalities that some interpret as…
Subtle ST Abnormalities and a Difficult Cath Lab Decision
A 60-year-old man presents with chest pain that seems a little better after belching, but his clinician is not reassured. The initial ED ECG shows subtle ST-segment abnormalities, the computer…
STEMI vs Wide QRS (BBBs & Paced Rhythms): DDx
Key Points: Wide QRS rhythms distort repolarization. Bundle branch block and ventricular pacing create secondary ST-T changes even without occlusion MI. Appropriate discordance is expected. ST segments and T waves…
South African Flag Sign: OMI Pattern
Key Points: Pattern: The South African Flag sign is the combination of ST elevation in I, aVL, and V2 with reciprocal ST depression in III. It is a subtle but…
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