Key Points: Persistent juvenile T wave pattern is a benign normal variant that most often appears as shallow asymmetric T wave inversion in the right precordial leads, usually V1 to…
Key Points: Early repolarization (ER) is a common, benign ECG pattern that most often appears in young, healthy patients. It can closely resemble acute anterior STEMI, creating a high-risk diagnostic…
Key Points: Historical View: Early repolarization (ER) was long considered a benign cause of ST elevation, often called benign early repolarization (BER). Modern View: Certain ER patterns, now termed malignant…
Key Points: Pseudo-Wellens waves are anterior T-wave patterns that mimic the biphasic or deeply inverted T waves of true Wellens syndrome but are caused by non-LAD, non-ischemic physiology. These normal-variant…
Key Points: What it is: In V2 or V3, there is no S wave (the R does not descend below the PQ baseline) and no J wave (no notch/slur at…
Key Points Dextrocardia is a congenital condition where the heart is located on the right side of the thorax. Situs inversus totalis refers to complete reversal of all thoracic and…