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Results:
Pericardial Tamponade
Key Points Beyond Electrical Alternans: Although classically linked to tamponade, electrical alternans is present in fewer than 30% of confirmed cases. It’s abscence should never rule out tamponade. Low Voltage…
ECG Foundations: Waveforms, Intervals, Conduction, and Leads
Key Points: Electrocardiography Defined: An ECG records the heart’s electrical activity in real time, offering a rapid window into rate, rhythm and conduction. The ECG measures changes in voltage between…
Electrical Alternans
Key Points Classically associated with pericardial tamponade but seen in fewer than 30% of confirmed cases. Combination of low-voltage QRS + sinus tachycardia strongly suggests pericardial effusion/tamponade. Always perform rapid…
Pericardial Effusion
Key Point Always consider pericardial effusion in any patient with new low-voltage QRS complexes combined with sinus tachycardia. Prompt bedside ultrasound (POCUS) prevents diagnostic delays and potentially catastrophic outcomes. Classic…
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (PMVT)
Key Points Definition: PMVT is a ventricular tachycardia characterized by beat-to-beat variations in QRS morphology, axis, and duration, reflecting multiple ventricular foci or reentrant circuits. Clinical Importance: PMVT is often…
Sodium Channel Blocker Toxicity
Key Points Recognizing the Danger: Sodium channel blocker toxicity can present with a variety of ECG changes that are critical to recognize, especially in patients with altered mental status or…
Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia
Key Points Definition: NSVT is defined as ≥3 consecutive ventricular beats, QRS duration >120 ms, rate typically 100-250 bpm (usually > 120 bpm), lasting less than 30 seconds without causing…
EMS ECGs in Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)
Key Points for EMS Providers: You are the first critical link in the chain of survival for ACS patients—your actions set the course for their care, directly impacting time to…
Atrial Fibrillation with WPW
Key Points: WPW Syndrome: A condition characterized by ventricular pre-excitation due to a congenital accessory pathway, often associated with symptomatic arrhythmias. ECG Recognition: The WPW pattern is best identified when…
Subtle ST Segment Elevation: OMI Pattern
Key Points ACS Dynamics: Occluded arteries in ACS can spontaneously reperfuse and reocclude, making ECG findings variable. Limitations of Computer Interpretation: Subtle STE is often missed by computerized ECG interpretation;…
South African Flag Sign: OMI Pattern
Key Points Pattern Recognition: The South African Flag Sign is characterized by: ST-segment elevation (STE) in leads I, aVL, and V2. ST-segment depression in lead III. Subtle but visually distinctive…
Brugada Syndrome (BrS)
Key Points Life-Threatening Sodium Channelopathy: Predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias (VF/VT) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), often in otherwise “healthy” hearts. When to Suspect BrS: Patients with syncope, unexplained “seizures,” ventricular…
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
Key Points Definition: A rare ion channelopathy that causes sudden, reversible episodes of symmetric flaccid paralysis triggered by low serum potassium. It may be inherited or secondary to thyrotoxicosis or…
Hypomagnesemia
Key Points Prolonged QT & PR Intervals significantly increase the risk of torsades de pointes and other arrhythmias. Atrial & Ventricular Ectopy is common; can progress to life-threatening ventricular tachycardia….
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM)
Key Points Definition & Terminology: Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM), previously known as Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia (ARVC/D), is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive fibrofatty replacement of the ventricular myocardium, predominantly…
STEMI vs LVH: DDx
Key Points: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with strain is one of the most common and dangerous STEMI mimics, particularly in the anterior leads, and is a frequent cause of false-positive…
Upright T Waves in V1
Key Point Normal T Wave in V1: The normal ECG typically shows a flat or inverted T-wave in lead V1. Upright T-Wave Abnormality: An upright T-wave in V1 (TV1) should…
WPW with Antidromic SVT
Key Points WPW Syndrome: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition characterized by ventricular pre-excitation due to a congenital accessory pathway in patients with symptomatic arrhythmias. ECG Recognition: The classic WPW…
WPW with Orthodromic SVT
Key Points WPW syndrome is caused by congenital ventricular pre-excitation via an accessory pathway. The classic sinus rhythm pattern includes a short PR interval, delta wave, and a widened QRS,…
Resources & Recommendations
ECG STAT is meant to be used at the point of care, like an ECG guru you can consult anytime to help you remember important criteria and differential diagnoses. However,…
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