STEMI
Results:
Three More ECG Pitfalls That Punish Anchoring Bias
A 51-year-old man with lung cancer presents with shortness of breath and tachycardia. The arrival ECG shows an S1Q3 pattern and seems to support a familiar diagnosis that would normally…
Four ECG Pitfalls That Punish Anchoring Bias
A 43-year-old woman with sharp left-sided chest pain and minimal cardiac risk factors has an initial ECG that is not diagnostic for STEMI. She looks stable, but one feature on…
Occlusion MI: STEMI Criteria & Beyond
Key Points: The ECG’s primary role in ACS is detecting acute coronary occlusion. Acute coronary occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) is a time-critical diagnosis that requires immediate reperfusion. Time is myocardium….
STEMI in the Presence of Baseline ECG Abnormalities
Key Points: Baseline ECG abnormalities do not protect patients from occlusion MI. They increase miss rates because they distort the ST segment and T waves. The core question is not…
Lateral and High-Lateral STEMI: Criteria, Localization, and Pitfalls
Key Points: Lateral and high-lateral STEMI often present with subtle ST elevation and are commonly missed or labeled as nonspecific ST-T changes. Small-appearing ECG changes may represent true coronary occlusion…
Inferior STEMI: Criteria, RV Involvement, and Pitfalls
Key Points: Inferior STEMI is the most common STEMI subtype and is frequently complicated by right ventricular and posterior involvement. Inferior occlusion may present with classic ST elevation, subtle ischemic…
Anterior STEMI: Criteria, Localization, and Pitfalls
Key Points: Anterior STEMI represents large myocardial territory at risk and carries the highest mortality among STEMI subtypes. Early recognition and reperfusion are critical. LAD occlusion may present with classic…
Posterior STEMI: Criteria & Pitfalls
Key Points: High risk of missed diagnosis. Isolated posterior occlusion MI is frequently missed because ST elevation is absent on the standard 12-lead ECG. Instead, posterior infarction most often presents…
Traditional STEMI Criteria (Millimetric Thresholds)
Key Points: STAT ECG is the first decision point in ACS. The primary purpose of the initial ECG is to identify patients who meet traditional STEMI criteria and require immediate…
STEMI vs Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: DDx
Key Points: Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy is a transient, non-ischemic LV dysfunction—classically apical ballooning with basal hyperkinesis—often after emotional or physical stress. Presentation mimics occlusion MI (chest pain, ECG changes, elevated…
The Wide Complex Rhythm That Fooled Everyone
A 30-year-old woman presents with one hour of chest discomfort and palpitations. On arrival she is borderline but not frankly unstable. The 12-lead shows a fast rhythm that appears wide…
Shark Fin “Massive STEMI” Pattern
Key Points: High-risk STEMI morphology caused by fusion of the terminal QRS, J point, ST segment, and T wave into a single “triangular” deflection. Often massive apparent STE with loss…
Not Your Usual STEMI: High Voltage and Narrow Q Waves
A 16-year-old male is referred to the emergency department from a primary care clinic with concern for STEMI. He has no known past medical history. At the clinic, he reported…
Right Ventricular STEMI: Criteria & Pitfalls
Key Points RV involvement accompanies up to ~40% of inferior STEMIs; isolated RV infarction is uncommon but high-impact when missed. Think RV MI when inferior STEMI is present and you…
The Approach to Uncovering Hidden STEMI
A 92-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute chest pain and diaphoresis. The following ECG is obtained:
Interesting Cases from UMMC (2024 – Part I/III)
A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute chest pain and an episode of syncope. The following ECG is obtained, and the cath lab is activated for suspected…
Literature Review: Shark Fin or “Triangular” ST segment morphology
A 61-year-old male is brought to the ED with acute substernal chest pain and diaphoresis. The following ECG is obtained:
Literature Review: Resolution of ST elevation in STEMI
Paramedics are transporting a middle aged male with chest pain and an obvious inferior STEMI. They arrive to the emergency department and the following ECG is obtained on arrival about…
2024 EMS Cases Part II
A 56-year-old woman is being brought in by EMS for palpitations. The following EMS ECG is obtained and transmitted:
STAT ECG Diagnoses: important considerations in hypotensive patients with acute cardiac ischemia
A 59-year-old man with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department with chest pain, nausea, and shortness of breath for 1 hour. He appears diaphoretic on arrival…
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